Lake Victoria (Victoria, Bellarine), einen See auf der Halbinsel Bellarine bei Geelong. [41] As a result of predation by the introduced Nile perch, eutrophication and other changes to the ecosystem, it is estimated that at least 200 species (about 40 percent) of Lake Victoria haplochromines have become extinct,[37][41][46] including more than 100 undescribed species. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 930.[1]. [41] Others have become extinct in their pure form, but survive as hybrids between close relatives (especially among the detritivores). [15] Its catchment area covers 169,858 km2 (65,583 sq mi). The lake existed and was known to many Africans in the catchment area long before it was sighted by a European in 1858 when the British explorer John Hanning Speke reached its southern shore while on his journey with Richard Francis Burton to explore central Africa and locate the Great Lakes. The lake is the heart of the African continent, the source of its mightiest river, the Nile. Lake Victoria … [79] At the peak in the early 1990s, 500,000 tonnes (490,000 long tons; 550,000 short tons) of Nile perch were landed annually in Lake Victoria, but this has declined significantly in later years. Oluka, 1991. The lake has a maximum depth of between 80 and 84 m (262 and 276 ft)[11][14] and an average depth of 40 m (130 ft). [65], Four species of freshwater crabs are known from Lake Victoria: Potamonautes niloticus is widespread in the lake and P. emini has been recorded from the vicinity of Bukoba in Tanzania, but both are also found elsewhere in Africa. [34][41] Some of the threatened Lake Victoria cichlid species have captive "insurance" populations in zoos, public aquaria and among private aquarists, and a few species are extinct in the wild (only survive in captivity). [81] The first introduction of Nile perch to the region, done by the Uganda Game and Fisheries Department (then part of the colonial government) and local African fish guards, happened upstream of Murchison Falls directly after the completion of the Owen Falls Dam in 1954. [60] Furthermore, Graham noted that the introduction of the European flax gill net of 5 inch mesh had undoubtedly caused a diminution in the number of ngege in those parts of the Kavirondo Gulf, the northern shore of the lake, the Sesse Islands and Smith's Sound which are conveniently situated close to markets. [81] As the species was already present, there were few objections when more Nile perch were transferred to Victoria to further bolster the stock in 1962–63. Extensive fish kills, Nile perch, loss of habitat and overfishing have caused many fisheries to collapse and many protein sources to be unavailable at the market for local consumption. Although it is a part of the same river system known as the White Nile and is occasionally referred to as such, strictly speaking this name does not apply until after the river crosses the Uganda border into South Sudan to the north. Hundreds of endemic species that evolved under the special conditions offered by the protection of Lake Victoria have been lost due to extinction, and several more are still threatened. Sediment and suspended solids are filtered out using sand, which acts like a sieve. "The Rise and Fall of Water Hyacinth in Lake Victoria and the Kagera River Basin, 1989-2001". [49] Some species have survived in nearby small satellite lakes,[48] have survived in refugias among rocks or papyrus sedges (protecting them from the Nile perch),[50] or have adapted to the human-induced changes in the lake itself. 8 Day Uganda - Rwanda Gorillas and Big Game Safari. Speke accomplished this in 1858, while on an expedition with Richard Francis Burton to locate the source of the Nile River. [78][79] Some of these, including tilapia and ningu (Labeo victorianus), had already declined in the first half of the 20th century due to overfishing. Among the freshwater lakes of the world, it is exceeded in size only by Lake Superior in North America. Many towns and cities are reliant on Victoria for their water supplies, for farming and other uses. The median property value in Lake Victoria, MI is $226,200, and the homeownership rate is N/A%. (August 01, 2008). With a surface area of approximately 59,947 km2 (23,146 sq mi),[10][11] Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake by area, the world's largest tropical lake,[12] and the world's second-largest fresh water lake by surface area after Lake Superior in North America. 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