However, they rarely use it in written forms though it differs less from the Standard Greek. Κωνσταντίνος Μαυρογιάννης, Αθήναι (1981). Over the past decade, the city's infrastructure and social amenities have improved, in part because of its successful bid to stage the 2004 Olympic Games. The Athens Urban Area is considered to form the city of Athens as a whole, despite its administrative divisions, which is the largest in Greece and one of the most populated urban areas in Europe. Acharnae, Afidnes, Cytherus, Colonus, Corydallus, Cropia, Decelea, Euonymos, Vravron among others was important towns in Athenian countryside. Two Athenians, the sculptor Phidias and the playwright Aeschylus, contributed significantly to the cultural dissemination of Athena’s image. Landmarks of the modern era, dating back to the establishment of Athens as the capital of the independent Greek state in 1834, include the Hellenic Parliament and the so-called "architectural trilogy of Athens", consisting of the National Library of Greece, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Academy of Athens. The 2004 Olympic Games were described as Unforgettable, dream Games, by IOC President Jacques Rogge for their return to the birthplace of the Olympics, and for meeting the challenges of holding the Olympic Games. All the activities of UNIWA are carried out in the modern infrastructure of the three University Campuses within the metropolitan region of Athens (Egaleo Park, Ancient Olive Groove and Athens), which offer modern teaching and research spaces, entertainment and support facilities for all students. 2012 - Cette épingle a été découverte par Ελευθερία. Athens had by this time become a significant naval power with a large fleet, and helped the rebellion of the Ionian cities against Persian rule. For the Athenians, all the urban municipalities surrounding the City Centre are called suburbs. Owing to the rain shadow of the Pindus Mountains, annual precipitation of Athens is lower than most other parts of Greece, especially western Greece. Many of Classical civilization’s intellectual and artistic ideas originated there, and the city is generally considered to be the birthplace of Western civilization. This suggests a total population of 431,000. Katsoulis B.D., Theoharatos G.A. Despite the variety in styles, there is evidence of continuity in elements of the architectural environment through the city's history.[19]. Athens is the financial capital of Greece. Considered one of the most praised poets of the second half of the 20th century, Elytis was born on Crete in 1911 and passed away in Athens in 1996. :: We Advertise you. Located on Panepistimiou Street, the old campus of the University of Athens, the National Library, and the Athens Academy form the "Athens Trilogy" built in the mid-19th century. [131], Athens tram is operated by STASY S.A (Statheres Sygkoinonies S.A) which is a subsidiary company of OASA (Athens urban transport organisation). Athens (/ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz;[4] Greek: Αθήνα, romanized: Athína [aˈθina] (listen); Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, romanized: Athênai (pl.) It is the largest container port in East Mediterranean Sea Basin. Variant names included Setines, Satine, and Astines, all derivations involving false splitting of prepositional phrases. The Stadiou Street in Central Athens in 1908. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [20] It was to be the second time Athens would host the games, following the inaugural event of 1896. Theseus was responsible, according to the myth, for the synoikismos ("dwelling together")—the political unification of Attica under Athens. More than 240,000 people voted. The Municipality of Athens has an official population of 664,046 people. In the 1980s it became evident that smog from factories and an ever-increasing fleet of automobiles, as well as a lack of adequate free space due to congestion, had evolved into the city's most important challenge. Solar Energy, 70 (3): pp. She was also worshipped in many other cities, notably in Sparta. [28] King Alphonse X of Castile gives the pseudo-etymology 'the one without death/ignorance'. The resulting tensions brought about the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), in which Athens was defeated by its rival Sparta. In January 2007, Athens faced a waste management problem when its landfill near Ano Liosia, an Athenian suburb, reached capacity. [21] It was possibly rendered in the plural later on, like those of Θῆβαι (Thêbai) and Μυκῆναι (Μukênai). The Athens Mass Transit System consists of a large bus fleet, a trolleybus fleet that mainly serves Athens's city center, the city's Metro, a Proastiakos service[122] and a tram network, connecting the southern suburbs to the City Centre. The Temple of Olympian Zeus with river Ilisos by Edward Dodwell, 1821. [128] The Athens Metro runs three metro lines, namely the line 1 (Green Line), line 2 (Red Line) and line 3 (Blue Line) lines, of which the first was constructed The Port of Piraeus is the largest port in Greece and one of the largest in Europe. Athena, also spelled Athene, in Greek religion, the city protectress, goddess of war, handicraft, and practical reason, identified by the Romans with Minerva. Iakovides, S. 1962. National and regional bus links are provided by KTEL from two InterCity Bus Terminals, Kifissos Bus Terminal A and Liosion Bus Terminal B, both located in the north-western part of the city. By the mid-4th century BC, the northern Greek kingdom of Macedon was becoming dominant in Athenian affairs. Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol. It runs from Piraeus station to Kifissia station and covers a distance of 25.6-kilometre (15.9 mi). Ancient Greek literature is literature written in the Ancient Greek language from the earliest texts until the time of the Byzantine Empire.The earliest surviving works of ancient Greek literature, dating back to the early Archaic period, are the two epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, set in an idealized archaic past today identified as having some relation to the Mycenaean era. Filters. Greek Tragedy. By the late 1970s, the pollution of Athens had become so destructive that according to the then Greek Minister of Culture, Constantine Trypanis, "...the carved details on the five the caryatids of the Erechtheum had seriously degenerated, while the face of the horseman on the Parthenon's west side was all but obliterated. In football, Olympiacos have dominated the domestic competitions, Panathinaikos made it to the 1971 European Cup Final, while AEK Athens is the other member of the big three. The large City Centre (Greek: Κέντρο της Αθήνας) of the Greek capital falls directly within the Municipality of Athens or Athens Municipality (Greek: Δήμος Αθηναίων)—also City of Athens. Helen Iatrou. Athens has been a destination for travellers since antiquity. Although the heavy cost was criticized, estimated at $1.5 billion, Athens was transformed into a more functional city that enjoys modern technology both in transportation and in modern urban development. In Homer’s Iliad, Athena, as a war goddess, inspires and fights alongside the Greek heroes; her aid is synonymous with military prowess. Guided by Pericles, who promoted the arts and fostered democracy, Athens embarked on an ambitious building program that saw the construction of the Acropolis of Athens (including the Parthenon), as well as empire-building via the Delian League. Plan your trip to Athens; attractions; experiences; lodging; stories; guidebook; Drinking and nightlife. area and average elevation)", http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en, "Sentiment a factor as Athens gets 2004 Olympics", "As forest fires burn, suffocated Athens is outraged", "Rot sets in as Athens's trash problem mounts", "SAFE CITIES INDEX 2017: Security in a rapidly urbanizing world", "Is Athens Safe? [159] Greece's most notable, and internationally famous, composers of Greek song, mainly of the entechno form, are Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis. The Maniot dialect belongs to the local area of Mani. There are overall ten state-supported Institutions of Higher (or Tertiary) education located in the Athens Urban Area, these are by chronological order: Athens School of Fine Arts (1837), National Technical University of Athens (1837), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (1837), Agricultural University of Athens (1920), Athens University of Economics and Business (1920), Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences (1927), University of Piraeus (1938), Harokopio University of Athens (1990), School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (2002), University of West Attica (2018). Corrections? In the Iliad, Athena is the divine form of the heroic, martial ideal: she personifies excellence in close combat, victory, and glory. [154] The Athens Planetarium,[155] located in Andrea Syngrou Avenue, in Palaio Faliro[156] is one of the largest and best equipped digital planetaria in the world. Browse my tips on what to do in Athens in three days! [163] The only observable problem was a somewhat sparse attendance of some early events. The Maximos Mansion, official office of the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic, in Herodou Attikou Street. Que faire à Athènes ? Ahead of Eurovision 2020, she had plans to work her magic like a true “Superg!rl” on the Rotterdam stage. In 1896, Athens hosted the first modern Olympic Games. Sustainable Cities and Society, 1, pp. There are transfer connections with the Blue Line 3 at Monastiraki station and with the Red Line 2 at Omonia and Attiki stations. The Yevanic Greek also … Parts of the City Centre have been redeveloped under a masterplan called the Unification of Archeological Sites of Athens, which has also gathered funding from the EU to help enhance the project. Sparta was by far the better of the two City-States in Ancient Greece to be woman. The 2004 Summer Olympics required the development of the Athens Olympic Stadium, which has since gained a reputation as one of the most beautiful stadiums in the world, and one of its most interesting modern monuments. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Greek gods and goddesses could be many things, but they were never boring. However, this did not prevent Athens from being captured and sacked twice by the Persians within one year, after a heroic but ultimately failed resistance at Thermopylae by Spartans and other Greeks led by King Leonidas,[35] after both Boeotia and Attica fell to the Persians. [19] Athens is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Acropolis of Athens and the medieval Daphni Monastery. Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe. Santamouris M. (1997). 'E mykenaïke akropolis ton Athenon'. Stathopoulou M., Cartalis C., Andritsos A. The "Golden Age" of Ancient Greece then inspired the literature that has been read by people for centuries. Athens. Voici les conseils des locaux sur que visiter à Athènes en 3 jours Où loger ? Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Learn more about the history and significance of Athens in this article. [129] The spring 2007 extension from Monastiraki westwards to Egaleo connected some of the main night life hubs of the city, namely those of Gazi (Kerameikos station) with Psirri (Monastiraki station) and the City Centre (Syntagma station). I’ve put together a list of our favourite things to do in Athens, which includes archaeological sites, museums, beaches, shopping recommendations, unique tours, and what to see on day trips as well. [125] Of those 1,839 buses 416 run on compressed natural gas,[125] making up the largest fleet of natural gas-powered buses in Europe[126] and all trolleybuses are equipped to enable them to run on diesel in case of power failure.[127]. The architects of this era employed materials such as glass, marble and aluminium, and many blended modern and classical elements. If you can provide recordings, corrections or additional translations, please contact me. The municipality (Center) of Athens is the most populous in Greece, with a population of 664,046 people (in 2011)[2] and an area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi),[15] forming the core of the Athens Urban Area within the Attica Basin. Before their completion much of the road traffic used the GR-1 and the GR-8. [121], Athens is the major transportation hub of Greece. euro (€) Greek. [132] The tram network spans a total length of 27 km (17 mi) and covers ten Athenian suburbs. Giannopoulou K., Livada I., Santamouris M., Saliari M., Assimakopoulos M., Caouris Y.G. The atmosphere of such a competition is described in full detail in the Iliad, the oldest literary work written in the Greek alphabetic script. [135] The airport, awarded the "European Airport of the Year 2004" Award,[136] is intended as an expandable hub for air travel in southeastern Europe and was constructed in 51 months, costing 2.2 billion euros. Its main section extends from the western industrial suburb of Elefsina to Athens International Airport; while two beltways, namely the Aigaleo Beltway (A65) and the Hymettus Beltway (A64) serve parts of western and eastern Athens respectively. [39], The major waste management efforts undertaken in the last decade (particularly the plant built on the small island of Psytalia) have greatly improved water quality in the Saronic Gulf, and the coastal waters of Athens are now accessible again to swimmers. [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97] This figure is highly suspect because of the lopsided number of slaves and does not include free women and children and resident foreigners: an estimated based on Thucydides is: 40,000 male citizens, 100,000 family members, 70,000 metics (resident foreigners) and 150,000-400,000 slaves. [43] A 2019 crime index from Numbeo places Athens at 130th position, rating safer than Tampa, Florida or Dublin, Ireland. Greek tragedy developed specifically in the Attica region around Athens in the 6th Century or earlier. [150] After World War II, internationally known architects to have designed and built in the city included Walter Gropius, with his design for the US Embassy, and, among others, Eero Saarinen, in his postwar design for the east terminal of the Ellinikon Airport. Some people would argue that this freedom was only due to the need for extensive child birth, but freedom is freedom. Athens welcomed more than 5 million tourists in 2018 and 1,4 million of them were "city-breakers" (in 2013 the city-breakers were only 220.000). : καντάδα) and the songs performed on stage (επιθεωρησιακά τραγούδια 'theatrical revue songs') in revues, musical comedies, operettas and nocturnes that were dominating Athens' theatre scene. Eventually, however, a total of more than 3.5 million tickets were sold, which was higher than any other Olympics with the exception of Sydney (more than 5 million tickets were sold there in 2000). During the 1920s a number of Greek refugees, expelled from Asia Minor after the Greco-Turkish War, swelled Athens's population; nevertheless it was most particularly following World War II, and from the 1950s and 1960s, that the population of the city exploded, and Athens experienced a gradual expansion. 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