", ideas have truth value to the extent that they produce practical results. In the philosophy of Aristotle, the actualization of the potential form or function of a substance. The problem of universals goes back to Plato and Aristotle. What was the Oracle at Delphi's ambiguous reply to the question: Is anyone wiser than Socrates? A complete explanation of any material change will use all four causes. Which expression is a reflection of willed ignorance? 10. Aristotle thought of happiness in terms of _____. Socrates used _____ to communicate on more than one level. Argot definition, a specialized idiomatic vocabulary peculiar to a particular class or group of people, especially that of an underworld group, devised for private communication and identification:a Restoration play rich in thieves' argot. The sophos were highly regarded by the communities in which they lived. The Burial of the Count of Orgaz has long been considered one of El Greco's finest paintings. _____. He was not a mathematician.There is little additional, reliable information about Zeno’s life. Which philosophical archetype argues that our private and communal behavior should always maximize pleasure and minimize pain? In Plato’s “ Simile of the Sun ” passage from his work “ Republic,” Plato used the idea of light as a necessary requirement of knowledge, in part, to disprove this particular philosophy that contended that knowledge was a function of perception. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! In Plato's view, the "average person" _____. The definition is a conjunction of two terms which normally contradict each other, along with, in Greek, a qualifying clause which seems to make the contradiction inescapable. C. In 1-2 sentences, state the philosophy of the following Sophists: 1. The Socratic method is also known as _____. According to Plato, the ideal state meets three kinds of needs: _____. According to Aristotle, the ultimate goal or purpose for which a thing exists is known as its _____ cause. The Greek word is aition (plural aitia); sometimes it takes a feminine form, aitia (plural aitiai). Ethics is the area of philosophy that _____. (A) It refers to the "inner urge" implanted by nature in all living things that compel them to realize their happiness and potential. The Sophists taught that good and bad are defined by nature. Aristotle believed that human beings are not separate from nature, but are part of nature. For Plato, _____ is the ideal form of government. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher. Protagoras was one of the later sophists who taught that might makes right. Which of the following most accurately explains the importance of “ techne ” to the Greek Humanist philosophers? Aristotle was accused of one of the same charges leveled against Socrates-not respecting the gods of the state. He was declared a doctor the claim that behavior is always controlled by beliefs about what is good. Although there were Greek philos… But if teleology means the use of ends or goals in natural science, then Aristotle was rather a critical innovator of teleological explanation. Surprising little is known of Protagoras' life with any certainty. From the Greek word kosmos meaning "world", "universe" or "orderly structure"; Argument for the existence of God that because it is impossible for any natural thing to be the complete and sufficient source of its own existence, there must be an Uncaused Cause capable of … ... OTHER QUIZLET SETS. PHILO 103 - Exam 1. written 500 years after fall of Troy, and offers formulaic descriptions of Greek life. _____ is the virtue associated with the guardians. And what is an aition? Eschatology definition is - a branch of theology concerned with the final events in the history of the world or of humankind. According to Epicurus, "there is no use in philosophy" unless it _____. From lowest to highest, the levels of awareness are _____. Relativism is the name for the belief that knowledge is determined by specific qualities of the observer. From its early reception by the Toledans, who undoubtedly held this tributary painting in high regard, to the contemporary critics and visitors who still flock in droves to see this masterpiece, The Burial of the Count of Orgaz has generally been received with overwhelming praise. did not understand that opinions change, the truth does not, the relationship of knowledge to opinion, reality to experience, and metaphysics to epistemology. According to C. G. Jung, an archetype _____. the eternally existing form of the elephant, According to the Melchert text, if Plato is right, then if "Gertrude" names an individual elephant, the term "elephant" names, Forms are related to visible things by being, the prisoners represent all of us before we begin to search for wisdom, turning the soul of the student toward the real, As presented in the Melchert text, according to Plato, education is, As presented in the Melchert text, according to Plato, a moral person. Aristotle defines motion, by which he means change of any kind, as the actuality of a potentiality as such (or as movable, or as a potentiality -- Physics 201a 10-11, 27-29, b 4-5). Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Although there were Greek philosophers before their respective births, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the only three worth focusing on during this period. Plato (427-347 B.C.E. For Aristotle, _____ is that at which all things aim. He was mentored by Plato and went on to become the mentor and tutor of Alexander the Great. Greek philosophy is known for its undeniable influence on Western thought. Our main sources of information concerning Protagoras are: 1. Aristotle believed in _____ level(s) of reality. See more. The early philosopher's "fanatical concern" with logical consistency and rules of thinking led to theories that were both logically consistent and matched the observed facts. He wrote several works on the spiritual life and recodified the constitution of his order (1260). mikayla_fahey_smith. Virtue, arete, or excellence is defined as a mean between two extremes of excess and defect in regard to a feeling or action as the practically wise person would determine it.The mean cannot be calculated a priori.The mean is relative to the individual and circumstances. Plato's dialogues, however, are a mixture of historical account and artistic license, much in the manner of the comic plays of the period. Hylomorphism, (from Greek hylē, “matter”; morphē, “form”), in philosophy, metaphysical view according to which every natural body consists of two intrinsic principles, one potential, namely, primary matter, and one actual, namely, substantial form. He was a friend and student of Parmenides, who was twenty-five years older and also from Elea. the function of education is to draw the truth out of the student. Which of the following was most important to the Sophists? This is what is meant by ‘teleology’ from the Greek teleoV meaning end. a rare human being whose very nature represents something elemental about the human condition, is defined as the interest of the stronger party. According to Plato, democracy leads to _____. 9. 10. Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC and lasted through the Hellenistic period (323 BC-30 BC). Philosophers demand that we provide feelings to justify our knowledge claims. The Subject Matter of Aristotle’s Metaphysics. Jaspers refers to Socrates' profession of ignorance as _____. Motion is an entelechy; motion is a transition. Plato's ____ illustrates the path from ignorance to enlightenment. See more. According to Democritus, humans are capable of having a direct experience (perception) of atoms. Part of Aristotle’s point is that there is no one answer to this question. What did Socrates say about the unexamined life? In Platonic terms, a thing's _____ is what makes it what it is. James Lovelock gave this name to his hypothesis after a suggestion from the novelist William Golding , who was living in the same village as Lovelock at the time ( Bowerchalke , Wiltshire , UK). Pythagoreans believed that the rotation of the heavenly spheres produced a type of music. Definition • Spartans defeated Athens and then Romans invaded Greek territory making everything unstable and people were demoralized _____. T/F. According to Plato, particular kinds of _____ produce particular kinds of _____. According to Aristotle, the " triggering" action that begins a thing is known as its _____ cause. greek term meaning "the realization of potential" Episteme. Both the sophos and Sophists were professional philosophers and teachers. Definition of The Theory of Forms. It comes from the Greek énteron, meaning “intestine.”. An aition is just whatever one can cite in answer to a “why?” question. Aristotilian system: entelechy of every substance of a teleological system- blob of stuff (Hyle) trying to be a perfect example of inside dwelling (morphe) teleological system any system that tends toward an end goal (achieve something) 9. ancient Greek times) was largely dominated by the prominent theory of hedonism (Kesebir & Diener, 2008). 1. Protagoras claimed that "all things are measured against nature's standard. Plato remarked (in Parmenides 127b) that Parmenides took Zeno to Athens with him where he encountered Socrates, who was about twenty years y… Entelechy, (from Greek entelecheia), in philosophy, that which realizes or makes actual what is otherwise merely potential. Hedonism is, to put it simply, the pursuit of pleasure as the only intrinsic good (Waterman, 1993). _____ holds onto a position regardless of the facts. Philosophers distinguish between knowledge and wisdom. Human beings contain a _____ that includes the nutritive and sensitive souls. Hellenic history (i.e. The history of Western philosophy has been dominated by _____. Greek for "machine"; was a crane that could lift people over buildings as if they were coming down (ex: from heaven) ... OTHER QUIZLET SETS. For Aristotle, the body and soul are not two separate elements but are one thing. Theoretical knowledge is the accurate compilation and assessment of factual and systematic information and relationships. The belief that no matter how far back we push "ultimate" reasons, they always reduce to someone's preference is known as _____. Socrates asserted that a life devoid of philosophical speculation is not fully functioning and so lacks virtue or excellence. Wisdom is a form of knowledge based primarily on education and intelligence. Aristotle's school contained the first important library in the West. form can be distinguished from content only in thought, According to Aristotle, _____ answers the question "What is that? His philosophical foundations draw upon a … Entelechy is Greek for "soul." The curriculum of th… T/F. It is almost impossible to separate what Socrates taught from his whole personality. both Heraclitus and Parmenides were correct in their efforts to characterize reality. When Plato died, Aristotle was appointed head of the Academy. Everything that happens to you has a reason—but there’s a … 15. Describe the Greek social and cultural conditions in the time after Aristotle's death that gave rise to Skepticism, Cynicism, Epicureanism, Stoicism, and Christianity. The pragmatic point of view holds that _____. was invented to mock people who didn't speak greek. Aristotle (384–322 B.C. The story of the Ring of Gyges concerns _____. The central point of this antithesis was the denial that the world of nature, the world studied by physical science, is an organism, and the assertion that it is devoid both of intelligence and of life. Aristotle himself described his subject matter in a variety of ways:as ‘first philosophy’, or ‘the study of being quabeing’, or ‘wisdom’, or ‘theology’. The Socratic dialectic is an especially moving speech, one that raises powerful emotions. There are in Greek literature a few instances of the use of the word scholastikos to designate a professional philosopher. : The Iliad and The Odyssey dominated Greek life, for centuries the Bible or Koran of Greece and Rome – takes for granted Hesiod’s Theogony. A Look at the Philosophy of Happiness. Plato became disillusioned with both the _____ and the _____. (A) It describes the “inner urge” implanted by nature in all living things. This material appears in his ethical writings, in a systematic treatise on the nature of the soul (De anima), and in a number of minor monographs on topics such as sense-perception, memory, sleep, and dreams. Socrates insisted that the "real person" is not the body, but the psyche. It was the central doctrine of Aristotle’s philosophy of nature. The four causes are: _____. Meaning and the Problem of Universals, A Kant-Friesian Approach. In regard to systems of government, Plato concluded that _____. Eudaimonia comes from two Greek words: Eu-: good Daimon: soul or “self.”A difficult word to translate into English. (B) It defines the scope of our potential as well-functioning human beings. One who is trapped in _____ will mock others' points of view without investigating them. In Metaphysics Α.1, Aristotle says that “all mensuppose what is called wisdom (sophia) to deal with the firstcauses (aitia) and the principles (archai) ofthings” (981b28), and it is these causes and principles that heproposes to study in this work. Leonardo da Vinci (English: / ˌ l iː ə ˈ n ɑːr d oʊ d ə ˈ v ɪ n tʃ i, ˌ l iː oʊ ˈ-, ˌ l eɪ oʊ ˈ-/; 14/15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived. For Plato, knowledge is always about _____. ", The term "ethnocentrism" derives from Greek roots meaning "_____.". Multiple Choice Questions on John 1:1-5. _____. The Greeks won the day against enormous odds. The Renaissance view of nature began to take shape as antithetical to the Greek view in the work of Copernicus (1473-1543), Telesio (1508-88), and Bruno (1548-1600). _____ is probably the most widely read work in Western philosophy. No longer does art reveal the world as it did for the Greeks; now it is merely one experience alongside others. An aition is just whatever one can cite in answer to a “why?” question. Metaphysics is the area of philosophy that _____. According to Aristotle, the lowest level of soul is the sensitive or sentient soul. _____ is general knowledge of what does and does not produce human happiness. The word "philosophy" derives from Greek roots meaning "_____.". Aristotle’s most famous teacher was Plato (c. 428–c. Entelechy. Part of Aristotle’s point is that there is no one answer to this question. What type of reasoning argues that there is no way for one culture to judge another? Root Word Dictionary is the largest online dictionary of word roots. Aristotle describes and argues for the four causes in his books Physics and Metaphysics as a part of developing his philosophy of substance.He claims that there are four causes (or explanations) needed to explain change in the world. Enteral definition, enteric. Socrates believed that human excellence was based on a special kind of knowledge that the Greeks referred to as _____. Everything that happens to you has a reason—but there’s a way of thinking about this that empowers you in life. Socrates considered himself to be a kind of _____. See more. In some philosophical systems, a vital force that directs an organism toward self-fulfillment. Perhaps the greatest of the Sophists was _____. Thrasymachus tells Socrates that justice _____. livkraus5. The first records of the word enteral come from the early 1900s. _____. _____. Plato thought that rule by the many _____. In “Leibnizianisme”, he brings together Aristotle’s entelechy, Leibniz’s monads, and sensitivity as a “general property of matter” (Enc. In the Christian schools, especially after the beginning of the sixth century, it was customary to call the head of the school magister scholae, capiscola, or scholasticus. 15. The Republic concerns the search for _____. Plato concluded that the solution to the basic problem of knowledge lay in acknowledging that _____. Study Flashcards On Core 250 Exam #1 at Cram.com. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato (420s-340s BCE) did a lot to change the way we think about the world, in everything from mathematics to ethics to logic. “ why? ” question of Gyges concerns _____. `` _____ in a that. Particular kinds of entelechy is greek for quizlet: _____. `` quickly memorize the terms, a force... The Persians were forced back into Asia Minor will use all four causes disordered soul lacks a sense of.! 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