She was a Protestant queen taking over a Catholic country; it would certainly be a … Of … [15] When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second in line to the throne, after her father. Queen Elizabeth II and her husband have received their COVID-19 vaccinations. [75], From Elizabeth's birth onwards, the British Empire continued its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. "[35], During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. She has reigned as a constitutional monarch through major political changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities, Brexit, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. This means that, while The Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament. [115] On 9 July, she awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder, Michael Fagan, in the room with her. If Margaret had contracted a civil marriage, she would have been expected to renounce her right of succession. [159] The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as "an anchor for our age". She is the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch. [17], Elizabeth received private tuition in constitutional history from Henry Marten, Vice-Provost of Eton College,[18] and learned French from a succession of native-speaking governesses. [116] After hosting US President Ronald Reagan at Windsor Castle in 1982 and visiting his California ranch in 1983, the Queen was angered when his administration ordered the invasion of Grenada, one of her Caribbean realms, without informing her. 69–70; Pimlott, pp. Later that year, Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. The first official portrait of Elizabeth was taken by Marcus Adams in 1926. As monarch of Fiji, Elizabeth supported the attempts of Governor-General Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau to assert executive power and negotiate a settlement. [198], She is patron of over 600 organisations and charities. Who Was Queen Elizabeth I? When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. Elizabeth II and coronation guests, June 2, 1953. She is the longest-serving female head of state in world history, and the world's oldest living monarch, longest-reigning current monarch, and oldest and longest-serving current head of state. Moreover, Anne divorced, and a fire gutted the royal residence of Windsor Castle. 621–622, Bond, p. 134; Brandreth, p. 359; Lacey, pp. [175] In March 2019, she opted to give up driving on public roads, largely as a consequence of a car crash involving her husband two months beforehand. Omissions? In early 1952, Elizabeth and Philip set out for a tour of Australia and New Zealand by way of Kenya. Despite technically being a princess of the German Duchy of Teck, she was born and raised in England. [194] She does have a deep sense of religious and civic duty, and takes her coronation oath seriously. 280–281; Shawcross, p. 76, Hardman, p. 22; Pimlott, pp. [8], Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. [109] In 1980, Canadian politicians sent to London to discuss the patriation of the Canadian constitution found the Queen "better informed ... than any of the British politicians or bureaucrats". [125] The same year, the elected Fijian government was deposed in a military coup. [64], Amid preparations for the coronation, Princess Margaret told her sister she wished to marry Peter Townsend, a divorcé‚ 16 years Margaret's senior, with two sons from his previous marriage. [216], Elizabeth has been portrayed in a variety of media by many notable artists, including painters Pietro Annigoni, Peter Blake, Chinwe Chukwuogo-Roy, Terence Cuneo, Lucian Freud, Rolf Harris, Damien Hirst, Juliet Pannett, and Tai-Shan Schierenberg. She was a Protestant queen taking over a Catholic country; it would certainly be a challenge to establish a new Protestant settlement. She was also called Good Queen Bess or the Virgin Queen or Gloriana. [184][185] On 6 February 2017, she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee,[186] and on 20 November, she was the first British monarch to celebrate a platinum wedding anniversary. The Queen stated it was her "sincere wish" that Charles would follow her in the role. "[28], In 1943, Elizabeth undertook her first solo public appearance on a visit to the Grenadier Guards, of which she had been appointed colonel the previous year. Visit . Elizabeth II in her coronation robes, photograph by Cecil Beaton, 1953. Although the Queen formally dismissed him, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade. In 1947, she became engaged to Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, whom she had first met at the age of 13. Elizabeth II, in full Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, officially Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other realms and territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, (born April 21, 1926, London, England), queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from February 6, 1952. The first three months of her reign, the period of full mourning for her father, were passed in comparative seclusion. [137] In December, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, formally separated. 256–260; Roberts, p. 84, Brandreth, p. 374; Pimlott, pp. In 2017, she became the first British monarch to reach a Sapphire Jubilee. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. [230]) Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are personally owned by the Queen. [19] A Girl Guides company, the 1st Buckingham Palace Company, was formed specifically so she could socialise with girls her own age. 62–63; Pimlott, pp. Monarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom. [191] On 20 April 2018, the government leaders of the Commonwealth of Nations announced that she will be succeeded by Charles as head of the Commonwealth. She presided over an era of economic and political expansion, which lay the framework for Britain’s later dominance as a world power. It was reported, most notably in The Sunday Times of 20 July 1986, that the Queen was worried that Margaret Thatcher's economic policies fostered social divisions and was alarmed by high unemployment, a series of riots, the violence of a miners' strike, and Thatcher's refusal to apply sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa. 173–176; Shawcross, p.16, Bousfield and Toffoli, p. 72; Charteris quoted in Pimlott, p. 179 and Shawcross, p. 17, Bradford, p. 80; Brandreth, pp. [188] Her Platinum Jubilee is planned for 2022. [29] As she approached her 18th birthday, parliament changed the law so she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her father's incapacity or absence abroad, such as his visit to Italy in July 1944. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan. [90] Two years later, solely in her capacity as Queen of Canada, she revisited the United States and toured Canada. Famous speeches of Queen Elizabeth I of England Here is a list of famous speeches given by Queen Elizabeth I of England during her life time. [170] On 4 April 2013, she received an honorary BAFTA for her patronage of the film industry and was called "the most memorable Bond girl yet" at the award ceremony. Mary boasted being "the nearest kinswoman she hath". He was a prince without a home or kingdom. [113] Lewis was arrested, but never charged with attempted murder or treason, and sentenced to three years in jail for unlawful possession and discharge of a firearm. In this undated photo, Queen Elizabeth II records her annual Christmas broadcast in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England. 193–194; Pimlott, pp. [109] She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60, which would have affected her role as head of state. [31] She trained as a driver and mechanic and was given the rank of honorary junior commander (female equivalent of captain at the time) five months later. After another meeting at the Royal Naval College in Dartmouth in July 1939, Elizabeth—though only 13 years old—said she fell in love with Philip, and they began to exchange letters. In 1957, after state visits to various European nations, she and the duke visited Canada and the United States. [125][126], By the end of the 1980s, the Queen had become the target of satire. [164][165] On 4 June, Jubilee beacons were lit around the world. Queen Elizabeth II serves 25,000 days on British throne. [199] Her main leisure interests include equestrianism and dogs, especially her Pembroke Welsh Corgis. [138] The year ended with a lawsuit, as the Queen sued The Sun newspaper for breach of copyright when it published the text of her annual Christmas message two days before it was broadcast. The surname Windsor proudly retained by Queen Elizabeth II was first assumed by the British royals during World War I. The newspaper was forced to pay her legal fees and donated £200,000 to charity. [118] As Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of The Sun, told his staff: "Give me a Sunday for Monday splash on the Royals. [43] Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her. Mary was considered by many to be the heir to the English crown, being the granddaughter of Henry VIII's elder sister, Margaret. On 6 February 1952, they had just returned to their Kenyan home, Sagana Lodge, after a night spent at Tr… On 3 March 2013, Elizabeth was admitted to King Edward VII's Hospital as a precaution after developing symptoms of gastroenteritis. Following Elizabeth’s appointment as the Queen of England, her marriage became a highly speculated concern, for she was the last of her dynasty and her marriage and children would certify the rule of Tudors. [50] Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. Her financial and property holdings have made her one of the world’s richest women. Some of the papers played long and loud tunes on the string of Philip's foreign origin. Elizabeth was persuaded to send a force into Scotland to aid the Protestant rebels, and though the campaign was inept, the resulting Trea… Queen Elizabeth I – Tudor Queen. Updates? [110], During the 1981 Trooping the Colour ceremony, six weeks before the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, six shots were fired at the Queen from close range as she rode down The Mall, London, on her horse, Burmese. 253–254; Lacey, pp. [9] Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature, and music. The great irony is that Elizabeth I proved to be one of England’s best monarchs. After her father died in 1952, Eliz… [78] She became the first reigning monarch of Australia and New Zealand to visit those nations. Queen Elizabeth has already broken records as the longest-reigning monarch, not just in Great Britain, but throughout the world. 159–161; Pimlott, pp. Although The Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role, he or The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's separation from her husband. Buckingham Palace officials said in a … [223] In 2002, she inherited an estate worth an estimated £70 million from her mother. The England inherited by Elizabeth in 1558 was deeply divided. [228] The British Crown Estate—with holdings of £14.3 billion in 2019[231]—is held in trust and cannot be sold or owned by her in a personal capacity. Popularly known as the Virgin Queen, her 45 years of reign marked a … [157] On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, the Queen attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales. Her father ascended the throne on the abdication of his brother King Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. When Princess Elizabeth was 19 she was allowed to join the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Services … Author Anna Whitelock wrote in The Queen’s Bed: An intimate history of Elizabeth’s court that a notable German physician, Dr Burcot, was invited to the Queen’s sick bed. (From left) Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth, Princess Margaret, the duke of Edinburgh, King George VI, and Princess Elizabeth. [47], Before the marriage, Philip renounced his Greek and Danish titles, officially converted from Greek Orthodoxy to Anglicanism, and adopted the style Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, taking the surname of his mother's British family. Elizabeth assumed the title of queen upon her father’s death in 1952. This is kind of a no-brainer since Brits love tea so much and Queen Elizabeth II rules all Brits! [97] In addition to performing traditional ceremonies, she also instituted new practices. They divorced in 1978; she did not remarry. In 2015 she surpassed Victoria to become the longest-reigning monarch in British history. She was queen from 17 November 1558 until she died in March 1603. [176], The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch on 21 December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch and longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state in the world on 9 September 2015. 522–526, Lacey, p. 319; Marr, p. 315; Pimlott, pp. She never married and consciously styled herself as the Virgin Queen, wedded to the nation. "[63] In 1960, after the death of Queen Mary in 1953 and the resignation of Churchill in 1955, the surname Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for Philip and Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not carry royal titles. Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926)[a] is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms.[b]. 269–271; Lacey, pp. Her policies cleared debt and provided economic prosperity. Queen Elizabeth II reading a speech from the throne at the state opening of Parliament, 1958. Britain's Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by her husband, Prince Philip, waving to well-wishers as she rides to St. Paul's Cathedral for a service celebrating her Golden Jubilee in 2002. In 2000, she said: To many of us, our beliefs are of fundamental importance. [197] A personal note about her faith often features in her annual Christmas Message broadcast to the Commonwealth. In the 1990s, however, the royal family faced a number of challenges. 119, 126, 135, Letters Patent, 22 October 1948; Hoey, pp. Elizabeth Tudor is considered by many to be the greatest monarch in English history. Beginning in the latter part of the first decade of the 21st century, the public standing of the royal family rebounded, and even Charles’s 2005 marriage to Camilla Parker Bowles found much support among the British people. [163], She and her husband undertook an extensive tour of the United Kingdom, while her children and grandchildren embarked on royal tours of other Commonwealth states on her behalf. [205] Lord Altrincham's accusation in 1957 that her speeches sounded like those of a "priggish schoolgirl" was an extremely rare criticism. How The Queen and Members of The Royal Family celebrate . The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall visit Gloucestershire Royal Hospital's COVID-19 Vaccination Hub. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. [40] They are second cousins once removed through King Christian IX of Denmark and third cousins through Queen Victoria. Eden resigned two months later. … She is head of the British Royal Family, has 4 children, 8 grandchildren and 8 great-grandchildren, and is 94 years, 8 months, and 23 days old.. She is the 32nd great-granddaughter of King Alfred the Great who was the first effective King of England 871-899. 109–110, Bond, p. 96; Marr, p. 257; Pimlott, p. 427; Shawcross, p. 110, Hardman, p. 137; Roberts, pp. Her achievements in exploration, the arts, and international and domestic politics were so outstanding that her period of reign has ever since been called The Golden Age of England. [21], In September 1939, Britain entered the Second World War. All these children have the surname “of Windsor,” but in 1960 Elizabeth decided to create the hyphenated name Mountbatten-Windsor for other descendants not styled prince or princess and royal highness. The main focus is the endless attempts by her council to marry her off, the Catholic hatred of her and her romance … 240–241; Lacey, p. 166; Pimlott, pp. [52] The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either. [101] The election resulted in a hung parliament; Heath's Conservatives were not the largest party, but could stay in office if they formed a coalition with the Liberals. [141] Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself and the Queen's wider family rather than her own behaviour and actions. 325–326; Pimlott, pp. [67] In 1960, she married Antony Armstrong-Jones, who was created Earl of Snowdon the following year. Lifestyle. Published 17 December 2020. Princess Anne is in the baby carriage. [167] On 18 December, she became the first British sovereign to attend a peacetime Cabinet meeting since George III in 1781. [158], Elizabeth addressed the UN General Assembly for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. On the same tour, she opened the 23rd Canadian Parliament, becoming the first monarch of Canada to open a parliamentary session. [109] Tony Benn said the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". They received 2,500 wedding gifts from around the world. The 17-year-old assailant, Marcus Sarjeant, was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three. Elizabeth had survived and was finally Queen of England. In late 16th-century England, Queen Elizabeth was a Protestant royal who faced perpetual threats to her life and reign. [68], Despite the death of Queen Mary on 24 March, the coronation on 2 June 1953 went ahead as planned, as Mary had asked before she died. If her parents had had a later son, he would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession, which was determined by male-preference primogeniture at the time. [147] In the broadcast, she expressed admiration for Diana and her feelings "as a grandmother" for the two princes. In 2002 Elizabeth celebrated her 50th year on the throne. 13–15; Pimlott, pp. I remember lines of unknown people linking arms and walking down Whitehall, all of us just swept along on a tide of happiness and relief. 75–76; Roberts, p. 74, Lacey, p. 56; Nicolson, p. 433; Pimlott, pp. Privately, she became a keen horsewoman; she keeps racehorses, frequently attends races, and periodically visits the Kentucky stud farms in the United States. Elizabeth is known to favour simplicity in court life and is also known to take a serious and informed interest in government business, aside from the traditional and ceremonial duties. Under pressure from public opinion, she began to pay income tax for the first time, and Buckingham Palace was opened to the public. The Associated Press reported on the story in 1987, after the hospital — Royal Earlswood Hospital in Redhill, England, south of London — confirmed that Katherine Bowes-Lyon, a then-60-year-old cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and a niece of Queen Mother Elizabeth, had been a patient there since 1941.. In 2012 Elizabeth celebrated her “Diamond Jubilee,” marking 60 years on the throne. [195] Aside from her official religious role as Supreme Governor of the established Church of England, she is a member of that church and also of the national Church of Scotland. [122] Belying reports of acrimony between them, Thatcher later conveyed her personal admiration for the Queen,[123] and the Queen gave two honours in her personal gift—membership in the Order of Merit and the Order of the Garter—to Thatcher after her replacement as prime minister by John Major. [221][222] In 1993, Buckingham Palace called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated". Marten, afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visiting teachers in music and languages. [105] In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena,[106] though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands". "[13] Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved". In a magazine, which he owned and edited,[85] Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". [58] Martin Charteris asked her to choose a regnal name; she chose to remain Elizabeth, "of course". [93] Harold Macmillan wrote, "The Queen has been absolutely determined all through ... She is impatient of the attitude towards her to treat her as ... a film star ... She has indeed 'the heart and stomach of a man' ... She loves her duty and means to be a Queen. [26] At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. [88] The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. [144] Afterwards, for five days the Queen and the Duke shielded their grandsons from the intense press interest by keeping them at Balmoral where they could grieve in private,[145] but the royal family's seclusion and the failure to fly a flag at half-mast over Buckingham Palace caused public dismay. As part of her “Golden Jubilee,” events were held throughout the Commonwealth, including several days of festivities in London. [166] In November, the Queen and her husband celebrated their blue sapphire wedding anniversary (65th). Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. Elizabeth didn't have another child for an entire decade after welcoming Princess Anne (being the Queen of England is a pretty time-consuming gig). Eden recommended she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. [5] Called "Lilibet" by her close family,[6] based on what she called herself at first,[7] she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery. The Royal Train Tour. Elizabeth was born to Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and had a younger sister, Princess Margaret. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... (From left) Queen Elizabeth, King George VI, Princess Margaret, and Princess Elizabeth, 1939. How The Queen and Members of The Royal Family celebrate . [180][181] She later became the longest-reigning current monarch and the longest-serving current head of state following the death of King Bhumibol of Thailand on 13 October 2016,[182][183] and the oldest current head of state on the resignation of Robert Mugabe on 21 November 2017. Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor was born to the Duke and Duchess of York—later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother —on April 21, 1926. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster. And the King will never leave. Trudeau said in his memoirs that the Queen favoured his attempt to reform the constitution and that he was impressed by "the grace she displayed in public" and "the wisdom she showed in private". Elizabeth II is the current Queen of the United Kingdom and Head of the Commonwealth. Princess Elizabeth accompanied by her nurse in Hyde Park, London. [174] She had cataract surgery in May 2018. The marriage took place in Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947. Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Delegation on Her Marriage, 1559 On Religion, 1559 Response to Erik of Sweden's Proposal, 1560 The Queen's Speech in Parliament April 10, 1563 Delegation on Her Marriage, 1566 [131] Republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen's private wealth—which were contradicted by the Palace—and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family. [114], From April to September 1982, the Queen was anxious but proud of her son, Prince Andrew, who was serving with British forces during the Falklands War. Elizabeth’s first grandchild (Princess Anne’s son) was born on November 15, 1977. Here's the Story Behind the Picture", "Philip, the one constant through her life", "Emma Soames: As Churchills we're proud to do our duty", "Queen's Diamond Jubilee: Sixty years of royal tours", "Demonstrations Mar Quebec Events Saturday", "Intelligence documents confirm assassination attempt on Queen Elizabeth in New Zealand", "German study concludes 25,000 died in Allied bombing of Dresden", "Revealed: Queen's dismay at Blair legacy", "Tony and Her Majesty: an uneasy relationship", "Royal tour of Australia: The Queen ends visit with traditional 'Aussie barbie, "Queen and Duke of Edinburgh celebrate 65th wedding anniversary", "Queen slams brakes on driving in public", "Elizabeth Set to Beat Victoria's Record as Longest Reigning Monarch in British History", "The Longest Reigning Monarch Queen Elizabeth II", "Enthralling 'Audience' puts Britain's queen in room with politicians", "Queen Elizabeth II is now world's oldest monarch", "Queen becomes world's oldest monarch following death of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia", "BREAKING: The Queen becomes the world's oldest living Head of State following Mugabe resignation", "Queen Elizabeth II will be the world's oldest head of state if Robert Mugabe is toppled", "The Blue Sapphire Jubilee: Queen will not celebrate 65th anniversary but instead sit in 'quiet contemplation' remembering father's death", "Queen and Prince Philip portraits released to mark 70th anniversary", "Prince Philip Makes His Last Solo Appearance, After 65 Years in the Public Eye", "Queen's Platinum Jubilee to include extra bank holiday", "Operation London Bridge: the secret plan for the days after the Queen's death", "David Cameron: I'm extremely sorry for saying Queen 'purred' over Scottish Independence vote", "Elizabeth II, belated follower of fashion", "Revealed: Damien Hirst's only portrait of the Queen found in government archives", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", "The Queen net worth — Sunday Times Rich List 2020", "Revealed: Queen's private estate invested millions of pounds offshore", Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom, Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway, Charlotte, Princess Royal and Queen of Württemberg, Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, Princess Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Victoria, Princess Royal and German Empress, Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine, Princess Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, Princess Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg, Princess Frederica, Baroness von Pawel-Rammingen, Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife, Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia, Princess Alexandra, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Princess Marie Louise, Princess Maximilian of Baden, Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood, Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten, Princess Caroline Mathilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_II&oldid=1000486156, Heads of state of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people, Pages using collapsible list without both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TePapa identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 08:36.
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